![]() ![]() MIS-Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.MIS-Posterior Oblique Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion.MIS Percutaneous Posterior Cervical Fusion.MIS Percutaneous Posterior Instrumentation.Langner S, Langner RA, Langner SS, Langner WM, Langner HC, Langner. (2019) International journal of spine surgery. ![]() Traumatic Fracture of the Pediatric Cervical Spine: Etiology, Epidemiology, Concurrent Injuries, and an Analysis of Perioperative Outcomes Using the Kids' Inpatient Database. Poorman GW, Segreto FA, Beaubrun BM, Jalai CM, Horn SR, Bortz CA, Diebo BG, Vira S, Bono OJ, DE LA Garza-Ramos R, Moon JY, Wang C, Hirsch BP, Tishelman JC, Zhou PL, Gerling M, Passias PG. Traumatic Fractures of the Cervical Spine: Analysis of Changes in Incidence, Cause, Concurrent Injuries, and Complications Among 488,262 Patients from 2005 to 2013. Passias PG, Poorman GW, Segreto FA, Jalai CM, Horn SR, Bortz CA, Vasquez-Montes D, Diebo BG, Vira S, Bono OJ, De La Garza-Ramos R, Moon JY, Wang C, Hirsch BP, Zhou PL, Gerling M, Koller H, Lafage V. (2012) Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine fractures: a prospective population study from Norway. Fredø HL, Rizvi SA, Lied B, Rønning P, Helseth E. ![]() Spectrum of imaging findings in hyperextension injuries of the neck. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazonĥ. Imaging evaluation of adult spinal injuries: emphasis on multidetector CT in cervical spine trauma. atlantooccipital dislocations (shearing)Ģ.anterior subluxation (hyperflexion sprain). ![]() The four major mechanisms are flexion, extension, rotational and shearing, each associated with certain fracture patterns 3,4: These include more horizontal orientation of the facet joints in children, underdeveloped uncovertebral joints, mild physiological anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies, and incomplete ossification of the odontoid process. The fulcrum of movement is different in children than adults, C2/3 compared to C5/6, respectively hence, in children, cervical fractures are more common in upper vertebrae. There are also other anatomical differences of the cervical spine between children and adults which are worth bearing in mind while interpreting pediatric studies.
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